feat: Player script updates - ground check, flip, animations, and study notes
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8
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93
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8
Assets/Animations/playerIdle.anim.meta
Normal file
8
Assets/Animations/playerIdle.anim.meta
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
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assetBundleVariant:
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8
Assets/Graphics.meta
Normal file
8
Assets/Graphics.meta
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
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fileFormatVersion: 2
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guid: d94a2887da7020e48bd213ae515c5bb4
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assetBundleName:
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assetBundleVariant:
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2744
Assets/Graphics/Player_Graphics.png.meta
Normal file
2744
Assets/Graphics/Player_Graphics.png.meta
Normal file
File diff suppressed because it is too large
Load Diff
@@ -2,16 +2,93 @@ using UnityEngine;
|
|||||||
|
|
||||||
public class Player : MonoBehaviour
|
public class Player : MonoBehaviour
|
||||||
{
|
{
|
||||||
public Rigidbody2D rb;
|
private Animator anim;
|
||||||
// Start is called once before the first execution of Update after the MonoBehaviour is created
|
private Rigidbody2D rb;
|
||||||
void Start()
|
|
||||||
{
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[Header("Movement details")]
|
||||||
|
[SerializeField] private float moveSpeed = 4.58f;
|
||||||
|
[SerializeField] private float jumpForce = 12;
|
||||||
|
private bool facingRight = true;
|
||||||
|
private float xInput;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[Header("Collision details")]
|
||||||
|
[SerializeField] private float groundCheckDistance;
|
||||||
|
[SerializeField] private LayerMask whatIsGround;
|
||||||
|
private bool isGrounded;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void Awake()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody2D>();
|
||||||
|
anim = GetComponentInChildren<Animator>();
|
||||||
}
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
// Update is called once per frame
|
private void Update()
|
||||||
void Update()
|
|
||||||
{
|
{
|
||||||
rb.linearVelocity = new Vector2(Input.GetAxis("Horizontal"), rb.linearVelocityY);
|
HandleCollision();
|
||||||
|
HandleInput();
|
||||||
|
HandleMovement();
|
||||||
|
HandleAnimations();
|
||||||
|
HandleFlip();
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void HandleInput()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
xInput = Input.GetAxisRaw("Horizontal");
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.K))
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
jump();
|
||||||
}
|
}
|
||||||
}
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void HandleAnimations()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
bool isMoving = rb.linearVelocity.x != 0;
|
||||||
|
anim.SetBool("isMoving", isMoving);
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void HandleMovement()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
rb.linearVelocity = new Vector2(xInput * moveSpeed, rb.linearVelocity.y);
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void jump()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
if (isGrounded)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
rb.linearVelocity = new Vector2(rb.linearVelocity.x, jumpForce);
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void HandleCollision()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
isGrounded = Physics2D.Raycast(transform.position, Vector2.down, groundCheckDistance, whatIsGround);
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void HandleFlip()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
if(rb.linearVelocity.x > 0 && facingRight == false)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
Flip();
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
else if (rb.linearVelocity.x < 0 && facingRight == true)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
Flip();
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void Flip()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
transform.Rotate(0, 180, 0);
|
||||||
|
facingRight = !facingRight;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void OnDrawGizmos()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
Gizmos.DrawLine(transform.position, transform.position + new Vector3(0, -groundCheckDistance));
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
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|
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|
}
|
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@@ -128,10 +128,9 @@ GameObject:
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serializedVersion: 6
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serializedVersion: 6
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m_Component:
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m_Component:
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- component: {fileID: 420449211}
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- component: {fileID: 420449211}
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- component: {fileID: 420449210}
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- component: {fileID: 420449209}
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- component: {fileID: 420449214}
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m_Layer: 0
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m_Layer: 0
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m_Name: Player
|
m_Name: Player
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m_TagString: Untagged
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m_TagString: Untagged
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@@ -152,9 +151,9 @@ Rigidbody2D:
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m_UseFullKinematicContacts: 0
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m_UseFullKinematicContacts: 0
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m_UseAutoMass: 0
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m_UseAutoMass: 0
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m_Mass: 1
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m_LinearDamping: 0.5
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m_IncludeLayers:
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m_IncludeLayers:
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serializedVersion: 2
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serializedVersion: 2
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@@ -165,66 +164,7 @@ Rigidbody2D:
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m_Interpolate: 0
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m_Interpolate: 0
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m_SleepingMode: 1
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m_SleepingMode: 1
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m_CollisionDetection: 0
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m_CollisionDetection: 0
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m_Constraints: 0
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m_Constraints: 4
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SpriteRenderer:
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m_DynamicOccludee: 1
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m_MotionVectors: 1
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m_LightProbeUsage: 1
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m_ReflectionProbeUsage: 1
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m_RayTracingMode: 0
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m_RayTraceProcedural: 0
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m_RayTracingAccelStructBuildFlagsOverride: 0
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m_RayTracingAccelStructBuildFlags: 1
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m_SmallMeshCulling: 1
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m_ForceMeshLod: -1
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m_MeshLodSelectionBias: 0
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m_RenderingLayerMask: 1
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m_GameObject: {fileID: 420449208}
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m_LocalPosition: {x: 4.08, y: 3.05, z: 0}
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m_LocalPosition: {x: 4.01, y: -1.26, z: 0}
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m_LocalScale: {x: 1, y: 1, z: 1}
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m_LocalScale: {x: 1, y: 1, z: 1}
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--- !u!58 &420449212
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--- !u!114 &420449213
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CircleCollider2D:
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MonoBehaviour:
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m_CorrespondingSourceObject: {fileID: 0}
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m_PrefabInstance: {fileID: 0}
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m_PrefabAsset: {fileID: 0}
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m_GameObject: {fileID: 420449208}
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m_Script: {fileID: 11500000, guid: cb2ed43676cd08e4da098563b4cef1e9, type: 3}
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m_Name:
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|
m_EditorClassIdentifier: Assembly-CSharp::Player
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moveSpeed: 8
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|
jumpForce: 12
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|
groundCheckDistance: 1.4
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whatIsGround:
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serializedVersion: 2
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m_CorrespondingSourceObject: {fileID: 0}
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m_PrefabInstance: {fileID: 0}
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m_GameObject: {fileID: 420449208}
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m_Script: {fileID: 11500000, guid: cb2ed43676cd08e4da098563b4cef1e9, type: 3}
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m_Name:
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m_EditorClassIdentifier: Assembly-CSharp::Player
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rb: {fileID: 420449209}
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GameObject:
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GameObject:
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m_Size: {x: 1, y: 1}
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GameObject:
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far clip plane: 1000
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- Water
|
- Water
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|
- UI
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-
|
- Ground
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|
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|
-
|
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175
Q&A.md
Normal file
175
Q&A.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,175 @@
|
|||||||
|
# Q&A
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> 学习过程中遇到的问题记录
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Q1：为什么保留 `rb.linearVelocity.y` 不会导致 Player 上下移动，而改变 `x` 就会左右移动？
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 关键理解
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`rb.linearVelocity` 每一帧都被**完整重新赋值**，X 和 Y 的来源不同决定了它们的行为不同。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### X 轴：由输入主动控制
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```csharp
|
||||||
|
rb.linearVelocity = new Vector2(xInput * moveSpeed, rb.linearVelocity.y);
|
||||||
|
// ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
|
||||||
|
// 这部分的数值由你决定
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| 操作 | `xInput` | `velocity.x` | 效果 |
|
||||||
|
|------|:--------:|:------------:|:----:|
|
||||||
|
| 按 A / ← | -1 | -3.5 | 向左移动 |
|
||||||
|
| 松开 | 0 | 0 | 停止 |
|
||||||
|
| 按 D / → | 1 | 3.5 | 向右移动 |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
每次赋值，X 都被设为**输入决定的明确值**，所以会立刻产生/停止移动。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### Y 轴：物理系统已经在运行
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
`rb.linearVelocity.y` 不是空的，它已经是物理引擎当前帧算好的结果：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| 状态 | `velocity.y` 实际值 | 保留后效果 |
|
||||||
|
|------|:-------------------:|:----------:|
|
||||||
|
| 站地上 | ≈ 0 | 不动（地面碰撞把 y 锁为 0） |
|
||||||
|
| 下落中 | < 0（重力累加） | 继续下落 |
|
||||||
|
| 跳起后 | > 0 → 逐渐减小 | 上升 → 减速 → 下落 |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
保留 Y 的本质是 **"不去干涉"** 物理系统对垂直运动的控制，而不是"主动让角色上下动"。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 反例：写死 Y 会怎样？
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```csharp
|
||||||
|
rb.linearVelocity = new Vector2(xInput * moveSpeed, 0); // ❌
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 重力被清零 → 角色不会下落，飘在空中
|
||||||
|
- 跳跃被清零 → 跳不起来
|
||||||
|
- 地面碰撞结果被覆盖 → 可能会卡进地面
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 一句话总结
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> X 轴 velocity 是你主动赋值来**命令移动**，Y 轴 velocity 是物理系统**正在运行的结果**，保留它只是不去搞破坏。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*2026-05-23*
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Q2：跳跃时直接覆盖 Y 为 `jumpForce`，和之前说的"保留 Y"不矛盾吗？为什么不用 `y + jumpForce`？
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 问题背景
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
之前的 Q&A 说"保留 `rb.linearVelocity.y` 不去干涉物理系统"，但跳跃代码却直接覆盖：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```csharp
|
||||||
|
// 平时移动：保留 Y（不去干扰物理）
|
||||||
|
rb.linearVelocity = new Vector2(xInput * moveSpeed, rb.linearVelocity.y);
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// 跳跃时：覆盖 Y
|
||||||
|
rb.linearVelocity = new Vector2(rb.linearVelocity.x, jumpForce);
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
直觉上会觉得应该写成 `rb.linearVelocity.y + jumpForce` 才对。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 核心解答
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**场景不同，原则不同：**
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| 场景 | 对 Y 的操作 | 意图 |
|
||||||
|
|------|:----------:|:----:|
|
||||||
|
| 左右移动 | 保留 Y | **不管**物理系统的事 |
|
||||||
|
| 跳跃 | 覆盖 Y = jumpForce | **主动干预**，跳跃本身就是这个干预 |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
平时保留 Y 是因为"不需要管 Y"，跳跃覆盖 Y 是因为"现在就要动 Y"。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 为什么用 `= jumpForce` 而不是 `+= jumpForce`？
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
站在平地时 `velocity.y ≈ 0`，两者结果一样。但在以下情况加法会出问题：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| 场景 | velocity.y 当前值 | `= jumpForce` | `+= jumpForce` | 哪个合理 |
|
||||||
|
|------|:--:|:--:|:--:|:--:|
|
||||||
|
| 平地站着 | ≈ 0 | = 8 ✅ | = 8 ✅ | 一样 |
|
||||||
|
| 在上升平台上跳 | > 0（如 +3） | = 8 ✅ | = 11 ❌ 异常高 | `=` |
|
||||||
|
| 下落中误触跳跃 | < 0（如 -5） | = 8 ✅ | = 3 ❌ 跳不起来 | `=` |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- **`= jumpForce`** — 每次跳跃高度一致，可预测 ✅
|
||||||
|
- **`+= jumpForce`** — 跳跃高度受当前 Y 速度影响，结果不稳定 ❌
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 总结
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> 保留 Y = **不想管**物理的事
|
||||||
|
> 覆盖 Y = **正在主动做跳跃这件事**
|
||||||
|
> 用 `=` 保证每次跳跃可预测，用 `+=` 反而会让跳跃高度飘忽不定
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## Q3：二段跳可以从哪些方面入手设计？
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 前提
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
第九次更新已经实现了接地检测（`isGrounded`），跳跃被限制为"只有在地上才能跳"。在此基础上扩展二段跳，需要考虑以下几个维度：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 1. 核心机制 —— 如何判断"能不能跳"
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**计数器方案（推荐，可扩展性强）：**
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
jumpCount = 允许的跳跃次数（例如 2）
|
||||||
|
remainingJumps = 当前剩余次数
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
想跳时：
|
||||||
|
1. 检查 remainingJumps > 0
|
||||||
|
2. 是 → 跳，remainingJumps--
|
||||||
|
3. 否 → 不跳
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
落地时：
|
||||||
|
重置 remainingJumps = jumpCount
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 优点：改为 3 段跳、4 段跳只需改一个数字，代码不用动
|
||||||
|
- 问自己：`remainingJumps` 什么时候扣？什么时候重置？
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 2. 重置时机 —— "跳"这个状态何时结束
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
核心问题：**二段跳的"次数"在什么时候补回来？**
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| 方案 | 行为 | 手感 |
|
||||||
|
|------|------|------|
|
||||||
|
| 落地重置 | 碰到地面才能再次二段跳 | 标准平台跳跃，最常用 |
|
||||||
|
| 接触墙壁重置 | 贴墙也能补跳 | 适合有爬墙机制的游戏 |
|
||||||
|
| 每 X 秒恢复一次 | 空中待一会儿又能跳 | 节奏较怪，很少用 |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> 当前项目有 `isGrounded`，落地重置是最自然的选择。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 3. 跳跃力设计 —— 二段跳应该和第一段一样高吗？
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| 方案 | 效果 | 代表游戏 |
|
||||||
|
|------|------|---------|
|
||||||
|
| 相同 jumpForce | 两段跳一样高，手感直接 | 空洞骑士（部分技能）|
|
||||||
|
| 稍弱（如 jumpForce × 0.8）| 第二段更低，更真实 | 蔚蓝 Celeste |
|
||||||
|
| 固定低值 | 二段跳只用来"续一下" | 大乱斗 |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> 可以先设两个独立参数 `jumpForce` 和 `doubleJumpForce`，分别调。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 4. 需要考虑的边界问题
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| 问题 | 说明 |
|
||||||
|
|------|------|
|
||||||
|
| **走边缘掉落** | 从平台边缘走下来（没按跳），空中能二段跳吗？通常可以 |
|
||||||
|
| **没用第一段跳** | 跳过一次后空中还能跳一次？还是说必须先用一次跳？取决于设计 |
|
||||||
|
| **Coyote Time** | 离开地面后很短时间（如 0.1s）内按跳还算落地跳吗？和剩余次数如何叠加？ |
|
||||||
|
| **动画反馈** | 二段跳时播放不同的动画（如翻转、翅膀），让玩家感知到"我用了二段跳" |
|
||||||
|
| **只能一次** | 二段跳用完没落地之前，不能再获得跳跃次数 |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 5. 建议的切入顺序
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
1. 先把计数器机制做出来（`jumpCount` / `remainingJumps`）
|
||||||
|
2. `jump()` 中把 `if(isGrounded)` 改为 `if(remainingJumps > 0)`
|
||||||
|
3. 落地时重置 `remainingJumps = jumpCount`
|
||||||
|
4. 调 `doubleJumpForce` 找手感
|
||||||
|
5. 加动画区分一段跳和二段跳
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
*2026-05-25*
|
||||||
785
StudyNotes.md
Normal file
785
StudyNotes.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,785 @@
|
|||||||
|
# Unity RPG 学习笔记
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> 📅 创建于 2026-05-23
|
||||||
|
> 🎯 按时间顺序记录学习过程
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 2026-05-23 · 第一次更新
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**文件：** `Assets/Player.cs`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```csharp
|
||||||
|
using UnityEngine;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
public class Player : MonoBehaviour
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
public float xInput;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void Update()
|
||||||
|
// 旧的移动方式
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
xInput = Input.GetAxisRaw("Horizontal");
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 知识点
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 1. `MonoBehaviour` 继承
|
||||||
|
- Unity 中挂载到 GameObject 的脚本必须继承 `MonoBehaviour`。
|
||||||
|
- 继承后可使用生命周期方法（`Update`、`Start`、`Awake` 等）。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 2. `public` 字段暴露到 Inspector
|
||||||
|
- `public float xInput;` 会在 Inspector 面板中可见、可编辑。
|
||||||
|
- 公开字段会被序列化，保存到场景/预制体数据中。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 3. `Update()` 生命周期
|
||||||
|
- 每帧调用一次，帧率越高调用越频繁。
|
||||||
|
- 适合处理**输入检测**、**持续移动**等实时逻辑。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 4. `Input.GetAxisRaw("Horizontal")` vs `GetAxis("Horizontal")`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| 方法 | 返回值变化 | 手感 |
|
||||||
|
|---|---|---|
|
||||||
|
| `GetAxis` | 0→1 平滑过渡（加减速曲线） | 柔和，有惯性 |
|
||||||
|
| `GetAxisRaw` | 瞬间跳变 -1/0/1 | 灵敏，即时响应 |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- `"Horizontal"` 默认绑定：A/D、←/→、手柄左摇杆 X 轴。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 5. `Input` 类常用方法
|
||||||
|
- `GetAxis()` / `GetAxisRaw()` — 轴向输入
|
||||||
|
- `GetKey()` / `GetKeyDown()` / `GetKeyUp()` — 按键检测
|
||||||
|
- `GetMouseButton()` — 鼠标检测
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 2026-05-23 · 第二次更新
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**文件：** `Assets/Player.cs`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```csharp
|
||||||
|
using UnityEngine;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
public class Player : MonoBehaviour
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
public Rigidbody2D rb;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
public float moveSpeed = 3.5f;
|
||||||
|
public float xInput;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void Update()
|
||||||
|
// 旧的移动方式
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
xInput = Input.GetAxisRaw("Horizontal");
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
rb.linearVelocity = new Vector2 (xInput * moveSpeed, rb.linearVelocity.y);
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 新增知识点
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 1. `Rigidbody2D` 组件
|
||||||
|
- Unity 2D 物理引擎的核心组件，赋予物体物理属性（质量、重力、速度等）。
|
||||||
|
- 通过 `public Rigidbody2D rb;` 声明后，需在 Inspector 中拖入对应的 Rigidbody2D 组件进行绑定。
|
||||||
|
- 凡是需要物理模拟（重力、碰撞、速度）的 2D 物体都应挂载此组件。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 2. `linearVelocity` 属性（物理移动）
|
||||||
|
- `Rigidbody2D.linearVelocity` 表示刚体的**线性速度**（Vector2 类型）。
|
||||||
|
- 直接赋值可以瞬间改变物体速度，实现物理驱动的移动。
|
||||||
|
- 这是旧版 `velocity` 属性的新命名（Unity 2023+ 推荐使用 `linearVelocity`）。
|
||||||
|
- 相比直接改 `Transform.position`，物理移动能正确参与碰撞检测。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 3. `Vector2` 构造函数
|
||||||
|
- `new Vector2(x, y)` 创建一个二维向量。
|
||||||
|
- `x` 控制水平移动：`xInput * moveSpeed`，按方向键时值为 ±3.5f，松开时为 0。
|
||||||
|
- `y` 保持当前垂直速度：`rb.linearVelocity.y`，避免干扰重力/跳跃。
|
||||||
|
- ⚠️ 注意：代码中 `new Vector2 (...)` 括号前多了一个空格，虽不影响编译但建议去掉。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 4. 物理移动 vs Transform 移动（对比）
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| 方式 | 原理 | 碰撞检测 | 适用场景 |
|
||||||
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||
|
| `rb.linearVelocity` | 修改刚体速度 | ✅ 物理正确 | 平台跳跃、推箱子等 |
|
||||||
|
| `transform.Translate` | 直接改位置 | ❌ 可能穿模 | 纯位移、无物理需求 |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 5. 移动逻辑解析
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
按下 A / ← → xInput = -1 → velocity.x = -3.5 → 向左移动
|
||||||
|
松开按键 → xInput = 0 → velocity.x = 0 → 停止
|
||||||
|
按下 D / → → xInput = 1 → velocity.x = 3.5 → 向右移动
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 2026-05-24 · 第三次更新
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**文件：** `Assets/Player.cs`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```csharp
|
||||||
|
using UnityEngine;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
public class Player : MonoBehaviour
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
private Rigidbody2D rb;
|
||||||
|
[SerializeField] private float moveSpeed = 3.5f;
|
||||||
|
private float xInput;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void Awake()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody2D>();
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void Update()
|
||||||
|
// 旧的移动方式
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
xInput = Input.GetAxisRaw("Horizontal");
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
rb.linearVelocity = new Vector2 (xInput * moveSpeed, rb.linearVelocity.y);
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 本次改动 · 新增知识点
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 1. `private` 字段与封装
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 之前字段全用 `public`，现在改为 `private`。
|
||||||
|
- **原则：** 不需要外部访问的字段应该设为私有，遵循封装原则，防止意外修改。
|
||||||
|
- `xInput` 改为 `private` 很合理——它只是内部计算用的临时值，Inspector 中没必要看到。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 2. `[SerializeField]` 特性
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 问题：字段设为 `private` 后，Inspector 面板中就看不到了。
|
||||||
|
- 解决：加 `[SerializeField]` 可以让**私有字段也显示在 Inspector 中**。
|
||||||
|
- 这样就做到了「Inspector 可调，代码不可外部访问」的最佳实践。
|
||||||
|
- `moveSpeed` 用了这个特性——可以在编辑器里调速度，但其他脚本不能随便改。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 3. `Awake()` 生命周期方法
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- `Awake()` 在脚本实例加载时调用，**比 `Start()` 更早**，且只调用一次。
|
||||||
|
- Unity 生命周期顺序：`Awake()` → `OnEnable()` → `Start()` → `Update()` → ...
|
||||||
|
- 适合做**组件引用的初始化**（获取自己身上的组件、初始化变量等）。
|
||||||
|
- 与 `Start()` 的区别：`Awake` 在所有脚本的 `Start` 之前执行完，适合组件间的依赖初始化。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 4. `GetComponent<T>()` 方法
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 从当前 GameObject 上获取指定类型的组件引用。
|
||||||
|
- `rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody2D>();` — 自动找到同物体上的 Rigidbody2D 组件并赋值。
|
||||||
|
- 这是比手动在 Inspector 中拖拽更优雅的方式——**减少人为忘记绑定的风险**。
|
||||||
|
- 前提：该组件必须挂载在同一个 GameObject 上。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 5. 对比：手动拖拽 vs GetComponent
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| 方式 | 字段类型 | 优点 | 缺点 |
|
||||||
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||
|
| Inspector 拖拽 | `public` | 可以绑定其他物体上的组件 | 容易忘记拖，运行时 NullReference |
|
||||||
|
| `GetComponent` | `private` | 不会忘，代码自动获取 | 只能获取同一物体上的组件 |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> 💡 当前代码中 `rb` 用的是 `GetComponent`，因为 Rigidbody2D 肯定在 Player 自己身上，很合适。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 使用建议
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 自己身上的组件 → `GetComponent` + `Awake`
|
||||||
|
- 需要引用其他物体的组件 → `public`（或 `[SerializeField] private`）+ Inspector 拖拽
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 2026-05-24 · 第四次更新
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**文件：** `Assets/Player.cs`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```csharp
|
||||||
|
using UnityEngine;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
public class Player : MonoBehaviour
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
private Rigidbody2D rb;
|
||||||
|
[SerializeField] private float moveSpeed = 3.5f;
|
||||||
|
private float xInput;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void Awake()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody2D>();
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void Update()
|
||||||
|
// 旧的移动方式
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
xInput = Input.GetAxisRaw("Horizontal");
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
rb.linearVelocity = new Vector2 (xInput * moveSpeed, rb.linearVelocity.y);
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// 按K
|
||||||
|
if (Input.GetKey(KeyCode.K))
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
Debug.Log("holding K");
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
// 按下K
|
||||||
|
if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.K))
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
Debug.Log("pressed K");
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 本次改动 · 新增知识点
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 1. 按键检测三剑客：`GetKey` / `GetKeyDown` / `GetKeyUp`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| 方法 | 触发时机 | 返回值 | 典型用途 |
|
||||||
|
|---|---|---|---|
|
||||||
|
| `Input.GetKey(KeyCode)` | 按键**按住**期间 | 每帧 `true` | 持续开火、加速跑 |
|
||||||
|
| `Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode)` | 按键**按下**的那一帧 | 只 `true` 一次 | 跳跃、菜单确认 |
|
||||||
|
| `Input.GetKeyUp(KeyCode)` | 按键**松开**的那一帧 | 只 `true` 一次 | 蓄力释放、弹起 |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> ⚡ 记忆口诀：`GetKey` = 按住不放，`GetKeyDown` = 点一下，`GetKeyUp` = 松开那一刻。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 2. `KeyCode` 枚举
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 用 `KeyCode.K` 代替字符串 `"k"`，避免拼写错误，IDE 有自动补全。
|
||||||
|
- 常用按键：`KeyCode.Space`（空格）、`KeyCode.Escape`、`KeyCode.W/A/S/D`、`KeyCode.Mouse0`（鼠标左键）。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 3. `Debug.Log()` 调试输出
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 向 Unity 控制台（Console）输出消息，调试必备。
|
||||||
|
- `Debug.Log("xxx")` — 普通信息
|
||||||
|
- `Debug.LogWarning("xxx")` — 警告（黄色）
|
||||||
|
- `Debug.LogError("xxx")` — 错误（红色，会暂停编辑器播放）
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 4. 代码验证思路
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
当前代码跑起来后的效果：
|
||||||
|
- 按住 K → 控制台疯狂刷 "holding K"（每帧一条）
|
||||||
|
- 敲一下 K → 只出现一条 "pressed K"
|
||||||
|
- 通过这个对比就能直观理解 `GetKey` 和 `GetKeyDown` 的区别 ✅
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 2026-05-24 · 第五次更新
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**文件：** `Assets/Player.cs`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```csharp
|
||||||
|
using UnityEngine;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
public class Player : MonoBehaviour
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
private Rigidbody2D rb;
|
||||||
|
[SerializeField] private float moveSpeed = 3.5f;
|
||||||
|
[SerializeField] private float jumpForce = 8;
|
||||||
|
private float xInput;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void Awake()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody2D>();
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void Update()
|
||||||
|
// 旧的移动方式
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
xInput = Input.GetAxisRaw("Horizontal");
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
rb.linearVelocity = new Vector2 (xInput * moveSpeed, rb.linearVelocity.y);
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.K))
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
rb.linearVelocity = new Vector2(rb.linearVelocity.x, jumpForce);
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 本次改动 · 新增知识点
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 1. 跳跃实现原理
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 跳跃 = 给刚体的 **Y 轴速度**一个瞬间向上的值。
|
||||||
|
- `rb.linearVelocity = new Vector2(rb.linearVelocity.x, jumpForce);`
|
||||||
|
- X 保持不变：角色在空中仍能左右移动
|
||||||
|
- Y 覆盖为 `jumpForce`（正数 = 向上）
|
||||||
|
- 之后重力会自然把 Y 速度拉回负值，形成"上升→下落"的弧线。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 2. 为什么跳跃用 `GetKeyDown` 而不是 `GetKey`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- `GetKeyDown` — 只在按下那一帧触发 → 按一次跳一次 ✅
|
||||||
|
- `GetKey` — 按住期间每帧都触发 → 角色会一直往上飞 ❌
|
||||||
|
- 跳跃是一次性动作，必须用 `GetKeyDown`。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 3. `jumpForce` 参数调优
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- `jumpForce = 8` 是目前的值，可以根据手感调整：
|
||||||
|
- 太小 → 跳不起来
|
||||||
|
- 太大 → 飞出屏幕
|
||||||
|
- 配合 Rigidbody2D 的 **Gravity Scale**（重力缩放）一起调，效果更好。
|
||||||
|
- Gravity Scale 越大 → 下落越快 → 跳跃手感更"重"
|
||||||
|
- Gravity Scale 越小 → 轻飘飘（适合太空/月球感）
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 4. 当前完整移动逻辑图
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
┌─────────────────────────────────────────┐
|
||||||
|
│ Update() │
|
||||||
|
├─────────────────────────────────────────┤
|
||||||
|
│ xInput = GetAxisRaw("Horizontal") │
|
||||||
|
│ ↓ │
|
||||||
|
│ velocity.x = xInput × moveSpeed │ ← 左右移动（每帧）
|
||||||
|
│ velocity.y = 保持原来的 y │
|
||||||
|
│ ↓ │
|
||||||
|
│ if GetKeyDown(K) │
|
||||||
|
│ velocity.y = jumpForce │ ← 跳跃（按下瞬间）
|
||||||
|
└─────────────────────────────────────────┘
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> ⚠️ 当前跳跃没有接地检测，角色可以在空中无限跳跃。后续可以加 `isGrounded` 判断来限制。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 2026-05-24 · 第六次更新
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**文件：** `Assets/Player.cs`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```csharp
|
||||||
|
using UnityEngine;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
public class Player : MonoBehaviour
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
private Animator anim;
|
||||||
|
private Rigidbody2D rb;
|
||||||
|
[SerializeField] private float moveSpeed = 3.5f;
|
||||||
|
[SerializeField] private float jumpForce = 8;
|
||||||
|
private float xInput;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void Awake()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody2D>();
|
||||||
|
anim = GetComponentInChildren<Animator>();
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void Update()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
HandleInput();
|
||||||
|
HandleMovement();
|
||||||
|
HandleAnimations();
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void HandleInput()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
xInput = Input.GetAxisRaw("Horizontal");
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.K))
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
jump();
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void HandleMovement()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
rb.linearVelocity = new Vector2(xInput * moveSpeed, rb.linearVelocity.y);
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void HandleAnimations()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
bool isMoving = rb.linearVelocity.x != 0;
|
||||||
|
anim.SetBool("isMoving", isMoving);
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void jump()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
rb.linearVelocity = new Vector2(rb.linearVelocity.x, jumpForce);
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 本次改动 · 新增知识点
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 1. 代码重构：拆分 Update()
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 之前 `Update()` 里什么都混在一起，现在拆成三个职责明确的方法：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| 方法 | 职责 |
|
||||||
|
|---|---|
|
||||||
|
| `HandleInput()` | 读取玩家输入，触发相应动作 |
|
||||||
|
| `HandleMovement()` | 根据输入计算并应用速度 |
|
||||||
|
| `HandleAnimations()` | 根据状态更新动画参数 |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 好处：易读、易改、易扩展。比如以后加攻击，加一个 `HandleCombat()` 即可。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 2. `Animator` 组件与动画控制
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- `Animator` 是 Unity 的动画状态机组件，控制角色动画的播放。
|
||||||
|
- `GetComponentInChildren<Animator>()` — 从**子物体**上获取 Animator。
|
||||||
|
- 因为 Animator 通常挂在角色模型的子物体上，而不是 Player 根物体。
|
||||||
|
- 控制动画的方式：通过 `SetBool` / `SetFloat` / `SetTrigger` 等方法修改 Animator 参数。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 3. `anim.SetBool("isMoving", value)`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 在 Animator 窗口中预先创建 `isMoving` 参数（Bool 类型）。
|
||||||
|
- 代码中设置这个参数 → Animator 根据状态切换动画（Idle ↔ Run）。
|
||||||
|
- `isMoving = rb.linearVelocity.x != 0`：水平速度不为 0 就是移动中。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
isMoving = false → Idle 动画
|
||||||
|
isMoving = true → Run 动画
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 4. Animator 参数类型对比
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| 类型 | 方法 | 用途 |
|
||||||
|
|---|---|---|
|
||||||
|
| Bool | `SetBool("name", true/false)` | 二元状态：跑/不跑、地面/空中 |
|
||||||
|
| Float | `SetFloat("name", 值)` | 连续值：速度、方向 |
|
||||||
|
| Trigger | `SetTrigger("name")` | 一次性触发：攻击、受伤、死亡 |
|
||||||
|
| Int | `SetInteger("name", 值)` | 整数状态：武器序号、连击段数 |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 5. `GetComponent` vs `GetComponentInChildren`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| 方法 | 搜索范围 | 示例 |
|
||||||
|
|---|---|---|
|
||||||
|
| `GetComponent<T>()` | 当前物体 | 获取 Player 上的 Rigidbody2D |
|
||||||
|
| `GetComponentInChildren<T>()` | 当前物体 + 所有子物体 | 获取模型子物体上的 Animator |
|
||||||
|
| `GetComponentInParent<T>()` | 当前物体 + 所有父物体 | 少用，偶尔反向查找 |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 6. 当前架构图
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
Player (MonoBehaviour)
|
||||||
|
├── Awake()
|
||||||
|
│ ├── rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody2D>()
|
||||||
|
│ └── anim = GetComponentInChildren<Animator>()
|
||||||
|
│
|
||||||
|
└── Update()
|
||||||
|
├── HandleInput() → 读取按键，调用 jump()
|
||||||
|
├── HandleMovement() → 设置 velocity
|
||||||
|
└── HandleAnimations() → 设置 isMoving 驱动动画
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 2026-05-24 · 第七次更新
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**文件：** `Assets/Player.cs`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```csharp
|
||||||
|
using UnityEngine;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
public class Player : MonoBehaviour
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
private Animator anim;
|
||||||
|
private Rigidbody2D rb;
|
||||||
|
[SerializeField] private float moveSpeed = 3.5f;
|
||||||
|
[SerializeField] private float jumpForce = 8;
|
||||||
|
private float xInput;
|
||||||
|
[SerializeField] private bool facingRight = true;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// ... Awake、Update、HandleInput、HandleMovement、HandleAnimations、jump 同上 ...
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[ContextMenu("Flip")]
|
||||||
|
private void Flip()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
transform.Rotate(0, 180, 0);
|
||||||
|
facingRight = !facingRight;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 本次改动 · 新增知识点
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 1. `[ContextMenu]` 特性 —— 测试利器
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 给方法加上 `[ContextMenu("显示名称")]` 后，可以在 Inspector 中右键组件直接调用。
|
||||||
|
- **非常适合在编辑器中手动测试某个功能**，不需要写额外的测试代码。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
用法：
|
||||||
|
1. 选中挂载 Player 脚本的 GameObject
|
||||||
|
2. 在 Inspector 中找到 Player 组件，右键
|
||||||
|
3. 菜单中出现 "Flip" → 点击即可执行 Flip() 方法
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 2. `transform.Rotate(x, y, z)` —— 旋转物体
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- `transform.Rotate(0, 180, 0)` → 绕 Y 轴旋转 180°，即**水平翻转**。
|
||||||
|
- 三个参数分别对应 X / Y / Z 轴旋转（欧拉角，单位：度）。
|
||||||
|
- 绕 Y 轴旋转 180° 是 2D 游戏中最常用的翻转方式（让角色面朝另一个方向）。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| 旋转 | 效果 |
|
||||||
|
|---|---|
|
||||||
|
| `Rotate(0, 0, 0)` | 面朝右 |
|
||||||
|
| `Rotate(0, 180, 0)` | 面朝左 |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 3. `facingRight` 方向追踪
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- `private bool facingRight = true;` 记录当前朝向。
|
||||||
|
- `[SerializeField]` 让它在 Inspector 中可见，方便调试时观察。
|
||||||
|
- `facingRight = !facingRight;` 每次翻转时取反，保持状态同步。
|
||||||
|
- 后续可根据 `facingRight` 决定子弹发射方向、攻击判定范围等。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 4. `ContextMenu` vs 其他调用方式
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| 方式 | 何时用 |
|
||||||
|
|---|---|
|
||||||
|
| `[ContextMenu]` | 编辑器里手动测试某个功能 |
|
||||||
|
| `Update()` 中调用 | 运行时每帧自动执行 |
|
||||||
|
| `Button`（UI）| 玩家通过游戏界面触发 |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
> 💡 `[ContextMenu]` 即使方法是 `private` 也能调用，非常适合调试。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 2026-05-25 · 第八次更新
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**文件：** `Assets/Player.cs`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```csharp
|
||||||
|
using UnityEngine;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
public class Player : MonoBehaviour
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
private Animator anim;
|
||||||
|
private Rigidbody2D rb;
|
||||||
|
[SerializeField] private float moveSpeed = 4.58f;
|
||||||
|
[SerializeField] private float jumpForce = 8;
|
||||||
|
private float xInput;
|
||||||
|
[SerializeField] private bool facingRight = true;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// ... Awake 同上 ...
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void Update()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
HandleInput();
|
||||||
|
HandleMovement();
|
||||||
|
HandleAnimations();
|
||||||
|
HandleFlip(); // ← 新增
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// ... HandleInput、HandleMovement、HandleAnimations、jump 同上 ...
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void HandleFlip()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
if(rb.linearVelocity.x > 0 && facingRight == false)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
Flip();
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
else if (rb.linearVelocity.x < 0 && facingRight == true)
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
Flip();
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void Flip()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
transform.Rotate(0, 180, 0);
|
||||||
|
facingRight = !facingRight;
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 本次改动 · 新增知识点
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 1. `HandleFlip()` —— 自动转向逻辑
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 之前 `Flip()` 只能通过 `[ContextMenu]` 手动调用，现在改成**运行时自动翻转**。
|
||||||
|
- 核心思路：当角色**移动方向**与**当前朝向**不一致时，执行翻转。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 2. 翻转判断逻辑拆解
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
向右移动 (velocity.x > 0) 且 面朝左 (facingRight == false) → 翻转
|
||||||
|
向左移动 (velocity.x < 0) 且 面朝右 (facingRight == true) → 翻转
|
||||||
|
其他情况（静止、方向已一致） → 不翻转
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| 速度方向 | facingRight | 需要翻转？|
|
||||||
|
|---|---|---|
|
||||||
|
| 向右 (>0) | true（面朝右）| ❌ 方向一致 |
|
||||||
|
| 向右 (>0) | false（面朝左）| ✅ 翻过来 |
|
||||||
|
| 向左 (<0) | true（面朝右）| ✅ 翻过来 |
|
||||||
|
| 向左 (<0) | false（面朝左）| ❌ 方向一致 |
|
||||||
|
| 静止 (=0) | 任意 | ❌ 不动不翻 |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 3. 为什么用 `facingRight` 而不是直接每帧翻转
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 如果每帧都根据速度方向直接翻转（`if velocity.x > 0 → 右，else → 左`），会导致：
|
||||||
|
- 静止时角色朝向不确定（velocity.x = 0 时往哪边？）
|
||||||
|
- 可能每帧都在调用 `Rotate`，浪费性能
|
||||||
|
- 用 `facingRight` 做**脏标记（dirty flag）**：只在需要翻转时才翻，静止时保持上次朝向。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 4. `[ContextMenu]` 的移除
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 上一次 `Flip()` 上挂了 `[ContextMenu("Flip")]` 用于手动测试。
|
||||||
|
- 现在翻转逻辑已集成到 `Update` 中自动运行，不再需要手动触发，所以去掉了。
|
||||||
|
- 这也是开发中的常见节奏：**先手动测试 → 确认 OK → 集成到自动化流程**。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 5. 当前完整流程图
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
Update()
|
||||||
|
├── HandleInput() → 读取 A/D/K 输入
|
||||||
|
├── HandleMovement() → xInput → velocity
|
||||||
|
├── HandleAnimations() → velocity.x != 0 → 跑/停 动画
|
||||||
|
└── HandleFlip() → 方向不一致时 Flip()
|
||||||
|
└── Flip()
|
||||||
|
├── Rotate(0, 180, 0)
|
||||||
|
└── facingRight = !facingRight
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
---
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
## 2026-05-25 · 第九次更新
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
**文件：** `Assets/Player.cs`
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```csharp
|
||||||
|
using Unity.VisualScripting;
|
||||||
|
using UnityEngine;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
public class Player : MonoBehaviour
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
private Animator anim;
|
||||||
|
private Rigidbody2D rb;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[Header("Movement details")]
|
||||||
|
[SerializeField] private float moveSpeed = 4.58f;
|
||||||
|
[SerializeField] private float jumpForce = 12;
|
||||||
|
private bool facingRight = true;
|
||||||
|
private float xInput;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
[Header("Collision details")]
|
||||||
|
[SerializeField] private float groundCheckDistance;
|
||||||
|
[SerializeField] private LayerMask whatIsGround;
|
||||||
|
private bool isGrounded;
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// ... Awake 同上 ...
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void Update()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
HandleCollision(); // ← 新增，放在最前面
|
||||||
|
HandleInput();
|
||||||
|
HandleMovement();
|
||||||
|
HandleAnimations();
|
||||||
|
HandleFlip();
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
// ... HandleInput、HandleMovement、HandleAnimations、HandleFlip、Flip 同上 ...
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void jump()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
if(isGrounded) // ← 加了接地判断
|
||||||
|
rb.linearVelocity = new Vector2(rb.linearVelocity.x, jumpForce);
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void HandleCollision()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
isGrounded = Physics2D.Raycast(transform.position, Vector2.down, groundCheckDistance, whatIsGround);
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
private void OnDrawGizmos()
|
||||||
|
{
|
||||||
|
Gizmos.DrawLine(transform.position, transform.position + new Vector3(0, -groundCheckDistance));
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
}
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
### 本次改动 · 新增知识点
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 1. 地面检测 (`isGrounded`) 解决无限跳跃
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 之前跳跃没有限制，空中也能一直跳。
|
||||||
|
- 现在 `jump()` 加了 `if(isGrounded)` 判断，只有站在地面上才能跳。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 2. `Physics2D.Raycast()` —— 2D 射线检测
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- 从指定位置向指定方向发射一条**不可见的射线**，检测是否碰到碰撞体。
|
||||||
|
- 参数：`Physics2D.Raycast(起点, 方向, 距离, 层级掩码)`
|
||||||
|
- 当前用法：
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
起点：transform.position（角色脚底位置）
|
||||||
|
方向：Vector2.down（向下）
|
||||||
|
距离：groundCheckDistance
|
||||||
|
过滤：whatIsGround（只检测地面层）
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
角色
|
||||||
|
│
|
||||||
|
─────┼───── transform.position
|
||||||
|
│
|
||||||
|
↓ 射线 (Vector2.down, 长度 = groundCheckDistance)
|
||||||
|
═════╪═════ 地面碰撞体 → 射线命中 → isGrounded = true
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
······│······ 没碰到地面 → isGrounded = false（在空中）
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 3. `[Header("...")]` —— Inspector 分组标签
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- Unity 会把 Inspector 字段按 `[Header]` 分组，加上加粗标题。
|
||||||
|
- 让 Inspector 面板更有条理：
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
┌─ Player (Script) ──────────────┐
|
||||||
|
│ Script Player │
|
||||||
|
│ │
|
||||||
|
│ ── Movement details ── │ ← [Header("Movement details")]
|
||||||
|
│ Move Speed 4.58 │
|
||||||
|
│ Jump Force 12 │
|
||||||
|
│ │
|
||||||
|
│ ── Collision details ── │ ← [Header("Collision details")]
|
||||||
|
│ Ground Check Distance 1.5 │
|
||||||
|
│ What Is Ground Ground ▾ │
|
||||||
|
└────────────────────────────────┘
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 4. `LayerMask` —— 层级过滤
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- `LayerMask whatIsGround` 在 Inspector 中显示为下拉菜单，可以选择哪些 Layer 算作"地面"。
|
||||||
|
- 射线只会检测被选中的层，忽略其他层（玩家自身、敌人等）。
|
||||||
|
- **必须设置：** 给地面物体分配一个 Layer（如"Ground"），然后在 Player 的 `whatIsGround` 中勾选它。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 5. `OnDrawGizmos()` —— Scene 视图可视化调试
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- `Gizmos.DrawLine(起点, 终点)` 在 Scene 视图中画线，方便调试射线位置。
|
||||||
|
- 只在编辑器 Scene 视图可见，游戏运行时不会显示。
|
||||||
|
- 当前画了一条向下的红线，直观看到 `groundCheckDistance` 的长度是否合适。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 6. ⚠️ 注意事项
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
- `using Unity.VisualScripting;` 是多余的引用，当前代码并未使用 Visual Scripting 功能。可以安全删除，不影响编译但保持代码整洁。
|
||||||
|
- `jump()` 中 `if(isGrounded)` 后面没有花括号 —— 只有一行代码时可以省略 `{}`，但建议养成始终加括号的习惯，避免后续扩展时出错。
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 7. `Vector2.down` 快捷向量
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
| 写法 | 等价于 | 含义 |
|
||||||
|
|---|---|---|
|
||||||
|
| `Vector2.up` | `(0, 1)` | 上 |
|
||||||
|
| `Vector2.down` | `(0, -1)` | 下 |
|
||||||
|
| `Vector2.left` | `(-1, 0)` | 左 |
|
||||||
|
| `Vector2.right` | `(1, 0)` | 右 |
|
||||||
|
| `Vector2.zero` | `(0, 0)` | 零向量 |
|
||||||
|
| `Vector2.one` | `(1, 1)` | 单位向量 |
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
#### 8. 当前架构图（更新版）
|
||||||
|
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
|
Player (MonoBehaviour)
|
||||||
|
├── Awake()
|
||||||
|
│ ├── rb = GetComponent<Rigidbody2D>()
|
||||||
|
│ └── anim = GetComponentInChildren<Animator>()
|
||||||
|
│
|
||||||
|
├── Update()
|
||||||
|
│ ├── HandleCollision() → Raycast 向下 → isGrounded
|
||||||
|
│ ├── HandleInput() → 读取按键
|
||||||
|
│ ├── HandleMovement() → 设置 velocity
|
||||||
|
│ ├── HandleAnimations() → 驱动动画
|
||||||
|
│ └── HandleFlip() → 自动转向
|
||||||
|
│
|
||||||
|
└── OnDrawGizmos() → Scene 视图画射线（仅编辑器）
|
||||||
|
```
|
||||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user