From 18394a6b464ab16474fdaa7218044b2e46e2e58c Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: 13659 <1365957941@qq.com> Date: Wed, 27 May 2026 10:42:39 +0800 Subject: [PATCH] feat: Phase 1 complete - attack system, enemy damage, timers, and study notes summary --- Assets/Animations/Player.controller | 254 +++- Assets/Animations/playerAttack.anim | 123 ++ Assets/Animations/playerAttack.anim.meta | 8 + Assets/Animations/playerFall.anim | 78 ++ Assets/Animations/playerFall.anim.meta | 8 + Assets/Animations/playerJump.anim | 78 ++ Assets/Animations/playerJump.anim.meta | 8 + Assets/Enemy.cs | 42 + Assets/Enemy.cs.meta | 2 + Assets/Materials.meta | 8 + .../Slippy_Material.physicsMaterial2D | 14 + .../Slippy_Material.physicsMaterial2D.meta | 8 + Assets/Player.cs | 61 +- Assets/PlayerAnimationEvents.cs | 15 + Assets/PlayerAnimationEvents.cs.meta | 2 + Assets/Scenes/SampleScene.unity | 208 +++- ProjectSettings/TagManager.asset | 2 +- StudyNotes.md | 1022 +++++++++++++++++ 18 files changed, 1885 insertions(+), 56 deletions(-) create mode 100644 Assets/Animations/playerAttack.anim create mode 100644 Assets/Animations/playerAttack.anim.meta create mode 100644 Assets/Animations/playerFall.anim create mode 100644 Assets/Animations/playerFall.anim.meta create mode 100644 Assets/Animations/playerJump.anim create mode 100644 Assets/Animations/playerJump.anim.meta create mode 100644 Assets/Enemy.cs create mode 100644 Assets/Enemy.cs.meta create mode 100644 Assets/Materials.meta create mode 100644 Assets/Materials/Slippy_Material.physicsMaterial2D create mode 100644 Assets/Materials/Slippy_Material.physicsMaterial2D.meta create mode 100644 Assets/PlayerAnimationEvents.cs create mode 100644 Assets/PlayerAnimationEvents.cs.meta diff --git a/Assets/Animations/Player.controller b/Assets/Animations/Player.controller index e65efc1..d2ff100 100644 --- a/Assets/Animations/Player.controller +++ b/Assets/Animations/Player.controller @@ -1,5 +1,30 @@ %YAML 1.1 %TAG !u! tag:unity3d.com,2011: +--- !u!1101 &-8820503692433972253 +AnimatorStateTransition: + m_ObjectHideFlags: 1 + m_CorrespondingSourceObject: {fileID: 0} + m_PrefabInstance: {fileID: 0} + m_PrefabAsset: {fileID: 0} + m_Name: + m_Conditions: + - 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Water - UI - Ground - - + - Enemy - - - diff --git a/StudyNotes.md b/StudyNotes.md index ad5efa5..a6359f2 100644 --- a/StudyNotes.md +++ b/StudyNotes.md @@ -783,3 +783,1025 @@ Player (MonoBehaviour) │ └── OnDrawGizmos() → Scene 视图画射线（仅编辑器） ``` + +--- + +## 2026-05-26 · 第十次更新 + +**文件：** `Assets/Player.cs` + `Assets/Animations/Player.controller` + +### Player.cs 当前代码 + +```csharp +using UnityEngine; + +public class Player : MonoBehaviour +{ + private Animator anim; + private Rigidbody2D rb; + + [Header("Movement details")] + [SerializeField] private float moveSpeed = 8f; + [SerializeField] private float jumpForce = 12; + private bool facingRight = true; + private float xInput; + + [Header("Collision details")] + [SerializeField] private float groundCheckDistance; + [SerializeField] private LayerMask whatIsGround; + private bool isGrounded; + + private void Awake() + { + rb = GetComponent(); + anim = GetComponentInChildren(); + } + + private void Update() + { + HandleCollision(); + HandleInput(); + HandleMovement(); + HandleAnimations(); + HandleFlip(); + } + + private void HandleInput() + { + xInput = Input.GetAxisRaw("Horizontal"); + + if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.K)) + { + jump(); + } + } + + private void HandleAnimations() + { + anim.SetFloat("xVelocity", rb.linearVelocity.x); + anim.SetFloat("yVelocity", rb.linearVelocity.y); + anim.SetBool("isGrounded", isGrounded); + } + + private void HandleMovement() + { + rb.linearVelocity = new Vector2(xInput * moveSpeed, rb.linearVelocity.y); + } + + private void jump() + { + if (isGrounded) + { + rb.linearVelocity = new Vector2(rb.linearVelocity.x, jumpForce); + } + } + + private void HandleCollision() + { + isGrounded = Physics2D.Raycast(transform.position, Vector2.down, groundCheckDistance, whatIsGround); + } + + private void HandleFlip() + { + if (rb.linearVelocity.x > 0 && facingRight == false) + { + Flip(); + } + else if (rb.linearVelocity.x < 0 && facingRight == true) + { + Flip(); + } + } + + private void Flip() + { + transform.Rotate(0, 180, 0); + facingRight = !facingRight; + } + + private void OnDrawGizmos() + { + Gizmos.DrawLine(transform.position, transform.position + new Vector3(0, -groundCheckDistance)); + } +} +``` + +### 本次改动 · 新增知识点 + +#### 1. `HandleAnimations` 大改：Bool → Float 驱动 + +- **旧方案：** 只传一个 `isMoving` 布尔值 → 动画只能"跑"或"不跑"，很僵硬。 +- **新方案：** 传入三个参数，让 Blend Tree 做平滑混合： + +```csharp +anim.SetFloat("xVelocity", rb.linearVelocity.x); // 水平速度 → 驱动 跑/停 混合 +anim.SetFloat("yVelocity", rb.linearVelocity.y); // 垂直速度 → 驱动 上升/下落 混合 +anim.SetBool("isGrounded", isGrounded); // 是否着地 → 切换 地面/空中 状态 +``` + +#### 2. Blend Tree（混合树）概念 + +- Blend Tree 是 Animator 中的一种**动画混合器**，根据一个或多个浮点参数，在多个动画之间平滑过渡。 +- 类比：调音台上的推子，推到哪里就播对应位置的动画。 + +**当前配置了两个 Blend Tree：** + +``` +Animator 状态机 +├── idle/move (地面状态) ── 1D Blend Tree，参数: xVelocity +│ ├── Threshold = -1 → 向左跑动画 +│ ├── Threshold = 0 → Idle 动画 +│ └── Threshold = 1 → 向右跑动画 +│ +└── jump/fall (空中状态) ── 1D Blend Tree，参数: yVelocity + ├── Threshold = -1 → 下落动画 + ├── Threshold = 0 → 空中顶点动画 + └── Threshold = 1 → 上升跳跃动画 +``` + +#### 3. 1D Blend Tree 工作原理 + +- `m_BlendType: 0` = 1D 简单混合。 +- 只有一个驱动参数（如 `xVelocity`），沿着一条轴混合动画。 +- 参数值在 threshold 之间时，自动插值混合两个相邻动画。 + +``` +xVelocity = 0.0 → 100% Idle +xVelocity = 0.3 → 70% Idle + 30% 跑 +xVelocity = 0.7 → 30% Idle + 70% 跑 +xVelocity = 1.0 → 100% 跑 +``` + +#### 4. 状态切换：`isGrounded` 驱动的 Transition + +从 Animator Controller 文件中可以看到两条 Transition： + +| 从 | 到 | 条件 | 效果 | +|---|---|---|---| +| idle/move → jump/fall | `isGrounded == false` | 离开地面 → 切到空中动画 | +| jump/fall → idle/move | `isGrounded == true` | 落地 → 切回地面动画 | + +- `m_ConditionMode: 1` = If（为 true 时触发） +- `m_ConditionMode: 2` = IfNot（为 false 时触发） +- `m_HasExitTime: 0` = 不等待动画播完，条件满足**立即切换**（关键！跳跃需要即时响应） + +#### 5. Animator 参数类型（YAML 对照） + +从 Controller 文件中可看到三种参数类型的序列化 ID： + +| 类型 | YAML `m_Type` | C# 方法 | +|---|---|---| +| Float | 1 | `SetFloat()` | +| Int | 3 | `SetInteger()` | +| Bool | 4 | `SetBool()` | +| Trigger | 9 | `SetTrigger()` | + +#### 6. 新旧动画方案对比 + +| | 旧方案 | 新方案（Blend Tree）| +|---|---|---| +| 参数 | 1 个 Bool (`isMoving`) | 2 个 Float + 1 个 Bool | +| 动画数量 | 2 个（Idle / Run）| 6 个（Idle、左跑、右跑、上升、顶点、下落）| +| 过渡效果 | 硬切 | 平滑混合 | +| 空中动画 | ❌ 无 | ✅ 有（跳跃/下落独立）| +| 表现力 | 基础 | 流畅自然 | + +#### 7. `moveSpeed` 调整：4.58 → 8 + +- 速度翻倍，角色移动更快。 +- 配合 Blend Tree，`xVelocity` 参数值范围变大，动画混合范围需要与之匹配。 + +#### 8. 当前 Animator 架构图 + +``` + ┌──────────────────────┐ + │ Animator Controller │ + │ 参数: │ + │ · xVelocity (Float) │ + │ · yVelocity (Float) │ + │ · isGrounded (Bool) │ + └──────────────────────┘ + │ + ┌───────────────┴───────────────┐ + ▼ ▼ + ┌─────────────────┐ ┌─────────────────┐ + │ idle/move │ │ jump/fall │ + │ (默认状态) │ isGrounded │ (空中状态) │ + │ │◄────────────│ │ + │ Blend Tree 1D │────────────►│ Blend Tree 1D │ + │ 参数: xVelocity │ !isGrounded│ 参数: yVelocity │ + │ │ │ │ + │ -1 → 左跑 │ │ -1 → 下落 │ + │ 0 → Idle │ │ 0 → 顶点 │ + │ 1 → 右跑 │ │ 1 → 上升 │ + └─────────────────┘ └─────────────────┘ +``` + +--- + +## 2026-05-26 · 第十一次更新 + +**文件：** `Assets/Player.cs` + `Assets/PlayerAnimationEvents.cs`（新文件） + +### Player.cs 当前代码 + +```csharp +using UnityEngine; + +public class Player : MonoBehaviour +{ + private Animator anim; + private Rigidbody2D rb; + + [Header("Movement details")] + [SerializeField] private float moveSpeed = 8f; + [SerializeField] private float jumpForce = 12; + private bool facingRight = true; + private float xInput; + private bool canMove = true; // ← 新增 + private bool canJump = true; // ← 新增 + + [Header("Collision details")] + [SerializeField] private float groundCheckDistance; + [SerializeField] private LayerMask whatIsGround; + private bool isGrounded; + + // ... Awake、Update 同上 ... + + public void EnableMovementAndJump(bool enable) // ← 新增 + { + canMove = enable; + canJump = enable; + } + + private void HandleInput() + { + xInput = Input.GetAxisRaw("Horizontal"); + + if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.K)) + { + TryToJump(); // ← 改名 + } + if (Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.J)) // ← 新增攻击 + { + TryToAttack(); + } + } + + private void TryToAttack() // ← 新增方法 + { + if(isGrounded) + { + anim.SetTrigger("attack"); + rb.linearVelocity = new Vector2(0, rb.linearVelocity.y); + } + } + + private void HandleMovement() + { + if(canMove) // ← 加了 canMove 判断 + { + rb.linearVelocity = new Vector2(xInput * moveSpeed, rb.linearVelocity.y); + } + } + + private void TryToJump() // ← 改名 + 加 canJump 判断 + { + if (isGrounded && canJump) + { + rb.linearVelocity = new Vector2(rb.linearVelocity.x, jumpForce); + } + } + + // ... HandleCollision、HandleFlip、Flip、OnDrawGizmos 同上 ... +} +``` + +### PlayerAnimationEvents.cs（新文件） + +```csharp +using UnityEngine; + +public class PlayAnimationEvents : MonoBehaviour +{ + private Player player; + + private void Awake() + { + player = GetComponentInParent(); + } + + private void DisableMovementAndJump() => player.EnableMovementAndJump(false); + private void EnableMovementAndJump() => player.EnableMovementAndJump(true); +} +``` + +--- + +### 本次改动 · 新增知识点 + +#### 1. 攻击系统（初版） + +- 按 J 键触发攻击：`Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode.J)` +- `anim.SetTrigger("attack")` — 播放一次性攻击动画 +- 攻击时将水平速度归零：`new Vector2(0, rb.linearVelocity.y)`，阻止攻击时滑行 +- 只能在地面攻击：`if(isGrounded)` + +#### 2. `canMove` / `canJump` 控制标志（Lock 模式） + +- 两个 bool 变量控制角色能否移动和跳跃。 +- 攻击动画播放期间设为 `false`，动画结束恢复 `true`。 +- 这是一种常见的"动作锁定"设计，防止在特定动画期间执行不该执行的动作。 + +```csharp +攻击开始 → canMove = false, canJump = false → 不能移动/跳跃 +攻击结束 → canMove = true, canJump = true → 恢复正常 +``` + +#### 3. `EnableMovementAndJump(bool)` 公共接口 + +- `public` 方法，供其他脚本调用（这里是 `PlayAnimationEvents`）。 +- 封装了两个状态一起控制，避免外部重复设置。 + +#### 4. `GetComponentInParent()` —— 向上查找组件 + +| 方法 | 搜索方向 | 场景 | +|---|---|---| +| `GetComponent()` | 当前物体 | Rigidbody2D 在自己身上 | +| `GetComponentInChildren()` | 向下（自身+子物体）| Animator 在模型子物体上 | +| `GetComponentInParent()` | 向上（自身+父物体）| Player 脚本在父物体上 | + +- `PlayAnimationEvents` 挂载在角色模型子物体上（和 Animator 同级），需要通过 `GetComponentInParent` 找到父物体上的 Player 脚本。 + +#### 5. Animation Events（动画事件） + +- 在攻击动画的时间轴上插入事件，指定时间点调用 `PlayAnimationEvents` 的方法： + - **动画开始帧** → 调用 `DisableMovementAndJump()` → 锁定移动 + - **动画结束帧** → 调用 `EnableMovementAndJump()` → 解锁移动 +- 挂载位置：`PlayAnimationEvents` 脚本挂在和 Animator **同一个 GameObject** 上。 + +``` +攻击动画时间轴 +├── 第0帧 ── DisableMovementAndJump() 锁定 +├── ... 动画播放中 ... (canMove=false, canJump=false) +└── 最后帧 ── EnableMovementAndJump() 解锁 +``` + +#### 6. 表达式体方法（Expression-bodied） + +```csharp +private void DisableMovementAndJump() => player.EnableMovementAndJump(false); +// ↑ 等价于 { player.EnableMovementAndJump(false); } +``` + +- `=>` 是 C# 的表达式体语法糖，单行方法更简洁。 + +#### 7. ⚠️ 已知 Bug：攻击时仍能移动 + +- 当前在 `TryToAttack()` 中虽然把速度归零了（`new Vector2(0, ...)`），但 `HandleMovement()` 在**同一帧**后面又用 `canMove` 重新设置了速度。 +- 如果 `DisableMovementAndJump` 没有被及时调用（存在一帧延迟），玩家**在攻击第一帧仍能移动**。 +- 这是用户提到的 bug，预计下次更新修复。 + +#### 8. 当前 Update 执行顺序 & 控制流 + +``` +Update() +├── HandleCollision() → isGrounded +├── HandleInput() +│ ├── xInput = GetAxisRaw("Horizontal") +│ ├── K → TryToJump() → isGrounded && canJump? +│ └── J → TryToAttack() → isGrounded? → SetTrigger("attack"), velocity.x=0 +├── HandleMovement() → canMove? → 设置 velocity +├── HandleAnimations() → 更新 xVelocity/yVelocity/isGrounded +└── HandleFlip() → 自动转向 +``` + +--- + +## 2026-05-26 · 第十二次更新 + +**文件：** `Assets/Player.cs`（`PlayAnimationEvents.cs` 未变） + +### 改动对比 + +| 位置 | 旧代码 | 新代码 | +|---|---|---| +| `TryToAttack()` | `anim.SetTrigger("attack");` + `velocity.x=0` | 只剩 `anim.SetTrigger("attack");` | +| `HandleMovement()` | `if(canMove) { 设置速度 }` | `if(canMove) { 设置速度 } else { velocity.x=0 }` | + +```csharp +// TryToAttack — 去掉了速度归零 +private void TryToAttack() +{ + if(isGrounded) + { + anim.SetTrigger("attack"); + } +} + +// HandleMovement — 新增 else 分支 +private void HandleMovement() +{ + if(canMove) + { + rb.linearVelocity = new Vector2(xInput * moveSpeed, rb.linearVelocity.y); + } + else + { + rb.linearVelocity = new Vector2(0, rb.linearVelocity.y); // ← 攻击时停住 + } +} +``` + +### 知识点 + +#### 职责分离：为什么把速度归零从 TryToAttack 移到 HandleMovement + +- **旧方案：** `TryToAttack` 里直接操作速度 → 攻击逻辑和移动逻辑混在一起。 +- **新方案：** `HandleMovement` 统一管理"能不能移动"，`canMove=false` 时自动归零。 +- 好处：不需要每个动作单独处理速度归零，后续加技能/受伤等，只要设 `canMove=false` 就行。 + +--- + +### 🐛 Bug 分析：快速双击 J 攻击两次 + +**现象：** 快速按两次 J（第二次在第一次攻击动画期间），攻击动画播放了两次。 + +**根因：** `TryToAttack()` 只检查了 `isGrounded`，没有检查是否**正在攻击中**。 + +``` +时间线： +帧1 按下J → TryToAttack() → isGrounded=true ✓ → SetTrigger("attack") → 攻击开始 + → Animation Event → canMove=false +帧2 再次按下J → TryToAttack() → isGrounded=true ✓ → SetTrigger("attack") ⚠️ 又设了一次！ +帧N 第一次攻击动画结束 → Animator 发现还有一次 trigger 没消费 → 再播一次攻击 ❌ +``` + +**核心问题：** Unity 的 Trigger 会**累积**。第一次攻击动画还没播完，第二次 `SetTrigger` 就被攒着，等第一次结束自动触发第二次。 + +**修复方案（下次更新）：** 在 `TryToAttack()` 中加 `canMove` 判断： + +```csharp +private void TryToAttack() +{ + if(isGrounded && canMove) // ← 攻击期间 canMove=false，阻止第二次触发 + { + anim.SetTrigger("attack"); + } +} +``` + +> 💡 `canMove` 就是天然的"是否正在攻击"标志——攻击时已被 Animation Event 设为 false。 + +#### 当前控制流（含 Bug 标注） + +``` +Update() +├── HandleCollision() +├── HandleInput() +│ └── J → TryToAttack() +│ └── isGrounded? → SetTrigger("attack") ⚠️ 没有防重入 +├── HandleMovement() +│ ├── canMove=true → velocity = (xInput*speed, vy) +│ └── canMove=false → velocity = (0, vy) ✅ 好的设计 +├── HandleAnimations() +└── HandleFlip() +``` + +--- + +## 2026-05-26 · 第十三次更新（Bug 修复） + +**文件：** `Assets/Player.cs`（仅一行改动） + +### 改动 + +```csharp +// 修复前 +private void TryToAttack() +{ + if(isGrounded) // ← 只检查地面 + { + anim.SetTrigger("attack"); + } +} + +// 修复后 +private void TryToAttack() +{ + if(isGrounded && canMove) // ← 加上 canMove 防重入 + { + anim.SetTrigger("attack"); + } +} +``` + +### Bug 修复原理 + +- 攻击动画开始时，Animation Event 调用 `DisableMovementAndJump()` → `canMove = false` +- 此时再按 J → `TryToAttack()` 检查 `canMove` → `false` → 不执行 `SetTrigger` +- 动画结束后 `canMove` 恢复 `true`，才能再次攻击 ✅ + +**一句话：** `canMove` 既是移动开关，也是"是否正在攻击"的天然标志，一行改动解决双触 Bug。 + +--- + +## 2026-05-27 · 第十四次更新 + +**文件：** `Assets/Player.cs`、`Assets/PlayerAnimationEvents.cs`、`Assets/Enemy.cs`（新文件） + +### Player.cs 新增 + +```csharp +// 新增字段 +[Header("Attack details")] +[SerializeField] private float attackRadius; +[SerializeField] private Transform attackPoint; +[SerializeField] private LayerMask whatIsEnemy; + +// 新增方法 +public void DamageEnemies() +{ + Collider2D[] enemyColliders = Physics2D.OverlapCircleAll( + attackPoint.position, attackRadius, whatIsEnemy); + foreach (Collider2D enemy in enemyColliders) + { + enemy.GetComponent().TakeDamage(); + } +} + +// OnDrawGizmos 新增 +Gizmos.DrawWireSphere(attackPoint.position, attackRadius); +``` + +### PlayerAnimationEvents.cs 新增 + +```csharp +public void DamageEnemies() => player.DamageEnemies(); +``` + +### Enemy.cs（新文件） + +```csharp +using UnityEngine; + +public class Enemy : MonoBehaviour +{ + private SpriteRenderer sr; + [SerializeField] private float redColorDuration = 1; + + private void Awake() + { + sr = GetComponent(); + } + + public void TakeDamage() + { + sr.color = Color.red; + Invoke(nameof(TurnWhite), redColorDuration); + } + + private void TurnWhite() + { + sr.color = Color.white; + } +} +``` + +--- + +### 本次改动 · 新增知识点 + +#### 1. 攻击判定：`Physics2D.OverlapCircleAll()` + +- 以某点为中心画一个圆，返回圆内所有碰撞体。 +- 用于攻击范围判定（圆形 AOE 伤害）。 + +``` +参数：Physics2D.OverlapCircleAll(中心点, 半径, 层级过滤) + + ╭─────────────────╮ + │ attackRadius │ + │ ┌─────┐ │ + │ │ 玩家 │ │ ← attackPoint (子空物体) + │ └──┬──┘ │ + │ │ │ + │ ╔════╧════╗ │ ← 敌人碰撞体在圆内 → 被检测到 + │ ║ 敌人 ║ │ + │ ╚═════════╝ │ + ╰─────────────────╯ +``` + +- 返回 `Collider2D[]` 数组，可能有 0~N 个敌人被击中。 + +#### 2. `Transform` 作为位置标记 + +- `attackPoint` 是一个**空 GameObject** 的 Transform，拖到攻击判定位置。 +- 这是一种常见做法：在角色子物体下放一个空物体标记攻击中心点，代码通过 `attackPoint.position` 获取世界坐标。 + +``` +Player (父物体) +├── Graphics (模型) +└── AttackPoint (空物体) ← Transform attackPoint，放在拳头/武器位置 +``` + +#### 3. 攻击流程全链路 + +``` +按下 J + → TryToAttack() + → anim.SetTrigger("attack") // 播放攻击动画 + → 动画播放到"伤害帧" + → Animation Event: DamageEnemies() + → Physics2D.OverlapCircleAll() // 搜敌人 + → foreach enemy + → GetComponent().TakeDamage() // 扣血/反馈 +``` + +> 🔑 关键设计：伤害判定不在代码里固定时间触发，而是通过**动画事件**在挥刀命中的那一帧触发。 + +#### 4. `SpriteRenderer` 组件 + +- 2D 精灵渲染器，控制角色/物体的显示。 +- `sr.color = Color.red;` — 直接改颜色，用于受伤闪烁效果。 +- `sr.color` 类型是 `Color`（RGBA）。 + +#### 5. `Invoke()` 延迟调用 + +```csharp +Invoke(nameof(TurnWhite), redColorDuration); +``` + +| 参数 | 含义 | +|---|---| +| `nameof(TurnWhite)` | 要调用的方法名（字符串安全版本） | +| `redColorDuration` | 延迟秒数（这里是 1 秒） | + +- 1 秒后自动调用 `TurnWhite()`，颜色恢复白色。 +- `nameof()` 是 C# 关键字，编译时检查方法名是否存在，比写死字符串 `"TurnWhite"` 更安全。 + +#### 6. `nameof()` vs 硬编码字符串 + +```csharp +Invoke("TurnWhite", 1f); // ❌ 拼错编译不报错，运行时才崩 +Invoke(nameof(TurnWhite), 1f); // ✅ 拼错直接编译报错 +``` + +#### 7. `Gizmos.DrawWireSphere()` —— 攻击范围可视化 + +```csharp +Gizmos.DrawWireSphere(attackPoint.position, attackRadius); +``` + +- 在 Scene 视图中画一个线框球体。 +- 方便调整 `attackRadius` 和 `attackPoint` 的位置，确保攻击范围覆盖敌人。 + +#### 8. Color 常用预设 + +| 代码 | 颜色 | +|---|---| +| `Color.white` | 白色（默认） | +| `Color.red` | 红色（受伤） | +| `Color.green` | 绿色（回血） | +| `Color.yellow` | 黄色（警告） | +| `Color.clear` | 完全透明 | + +#### 9. `foreach` 循环 + +```csharp +foreach (Collider2D enemy in enemyColliders) +{ + enemy.GetComponent().TakeDamage(); +} +``` + +- 遍历数组中每个被击中的敌人，分别调用 `TakeDamage()`。 +- 如果圆内没有敌人（数组为空），循环直接跳过，不会报错。 + +#### 10. 当前架构图（完整版） + +``` +Player.cs +├── 字段 +│ ├── [Movement] moveSpeed, jumpForce, facingRight, xInput, canMove, canJump +│ ├── [Collision] groundCheckDistance, whatIsGround, isGrounded +│ └── [Attack] attackRadius, attackPoint, whatIsEnemy ← 新增 +│ +├── Update() +│ ├── HandleCollision() → Raycast 地检 +│ ├── HandleInput() → J攻击/K跳跃 +│ ├── HandleMovement() → canMove控制速度 +│ ├── HandleAnimations() → 传参给Animator +│ └── HandleFlip() → 自动转向 +│ +├── DamageEnemies() → OverlapCircleAll → Enemy.TakeDamage() +└── OnDrawGizmos() → 地检线 + 攻击范围球 + +-------------------- + +PlayAnimationEvents.cs (挂在模型子物体) +├── DamageEnemies() → 动画事件调用 → player.DamageEnemies() +├── DisableMovementAndJump() → 动画事件调用 → 锁定 +└── EnableMovementAndJump() → 动画事件调用 → 解锁 + +-------------------- + +Enemy.cs (挂在敌人物体) +├── sr = GetComponent() +├── TakeDamage() → 变红 → Invoke(nameof(TurnWhite), 1s) +└── TurnWhite() → 恢复白色 +``` + +--- + +## 2026-05-27 · 第十五次更新（计时器专题） + +**文件：** `Assets/Enemy.cs` + +> 🎯 本次围绕同一功能（受伤红色闪烁后恢复白色），演示了三种计时器实现方式。 + +--- + +### 方式一：`Invoke()` 延迟调用 + +```csharp +public class Enemy : MonoBehaviour +{ + [SerializeField] private float redColorDuration = 1; + + public void TakeDamage() + { + sr.color = Color.red; + Invoke(nameof(TurnWhite), redColorDuration); + } + + private void TurnWhite() + { + sr.color = Color.white; + } +} +``` + +**特点：** + +| 优点 | 缺点 | +|---|---| +| 代码极简，一行搞定 | 再次受伤不会重置计时 | +| 不依赖 Update | 无法暂停/取消（除非用 `CancelInvoke`） | +| Unity 原生支持 | 不适合需要精确中途控制的场景 | + +--- + +### 方式二：`Time.deltaTime` 倒计时 + +```csharp +public float timer; + +private void Update() +{ + timer -= Time.deltaTime; + if(timer < 0 && sr.color != Color.white) + { + sr.color = Color.white; + } +} + +public void TakeDamage() +{ + sr.color = Color.red; + timer = redColorDuration; // 每次受伤重置倒计时 +} +``` + +**特点：** + +| 优点 | 缺点 | +|---|---| +| 再次受伤自动重置计时 ✅ | 需要额外一个 `timer` 字段 | +| 可以暂停（不执行 `timer -=`） | Update 中多了一行减法 | +| 可随时查看剩余时间 | 不适合大量计时器（Update 会臃肿） | + +--- + +### 方式三：`Time.time` 时间戳对比（最终版） + +```csharp +public float currentTimeInGame; +public float lastTimeWasDamaged; + +private void Update() +{ + currentTimeInGame = Time.time; + if(currentTimeInGame > lastTimeWasDamaged + redColorDuration) + { + if (sr.color != Color.white) + { + TurnWhite(); + } + } +} + +public void TakeDamage() +{ + sr.color = Color.red; + lastTimeWasDamaged = Time.time; // 记录受伤时刻 +} +``` + +**特点：** + +| 优点 | 缺点 | +|---|---| +| 再次受伤自动延长红色时间 ✅ | 需要两个字段 | +| 不依赖逐帧递减（无浮点累积误差） | 代码稍多 | +| 逻辑清晰：当前时间 vs 受伤时刻 | — | + +--- + +### 三种计时器对比总结 + +| | `Invoke()` | `deltaTime` 递减 | `Time.time` 对比 | +|---|---|---|---| +| 代码量 | ⭐ 最少 | ⭐⭐ 中等 | ⭐⭐⭐ 较多 | +| 重置计时 | ❌ 需手动 CancelInvoke | ✅ 天然支持 | ✅ 天然支持 | +| 浮点精度 | ✅ | ⚠️ 累积误差 | ✅ 无累积 | +| Update 占用 | ❌ 不占 | ⚠️ 每帧减法 | ⚠️ 每帧比较 | +| 适用场景 | 一次性延迟 | 简单倒计时 | 精确时间判断、冷却 | + +### `Time.deltaTime` vs `Time.time` + +| 属性 | 含义 | 用途 | +|---|---|---| +| `Time.deltaTime` | 上一帧到当前帧的耗时（秒） | 帧率无关的增量计算 | +| `Time.time` | 游戏开始到现在的总时间（秒） | 时间戳、计时基准 | + +> 💡 `deltaTime` 容易累积浮点误差，长时间运行后可能不准。`Time.time` 直接用绝对时间对比，更精确。 + +### 使用建议 + +``` +一次性动作（音效、粒子消失） → Invoke() +简单冷却、Buff 持续时间 → deltaTime 递减 +攻击间隔、精确冷却 → Time.time 对比 +大量计时器 → 用协程(Coroutine) 或 Timer 管理器 +``` + +--- + +## 🏁 第一阶段总结（2026-05-23 ~ 2026-05-27） + +> 15 次更新，3 个 C# 脚本，从零搭建了一个 2D 横版动作角色的核心系统。 + +--- + +### 📁 文件清单 + +| 文件 | 职责 | +|---|---| +| `Assets/Player.cs` | 角色主逻辑：移动、跳跃、攻击、翻转、动画控制 | +| `Assets/PlayerAnimationEvents.cs` | 动画事件桥接：攻击判定、移动锁定 | +| `Assets/Enemy.cs` | 敌人逻辑：受伤反馈、计时器 | + +--- + +### 🧱 技能树总览 + +#### 一、Unity 基础 + +| 知识点 | 首次出现 | +|---|---| +| `MonoBehaviour` 继承 | ① | +| `Update()` / `Awake()` 生命周期 | ① ③ | +| `public` 字段与 Inspector 序列化 | ① | +| `[SerializeField]` 私有字段可见 | ③ | +| `[Header("...")]` Inspector 分组 | ⑨ | +| `[ContextMenu]` 右键测试 | ⑦ | + +#### 二、输入系统 + +| 知识点 | 首次出现 | +|---|---| +| `Input.GetAxisRaw("Horizontal")` | ① | +| `GetAxis` vs `GetAxisRaw` 区别 | ① | +| `Input.GetKey(KeyCode)` | ④ | +| `Input.GetKeyDown(KeyCode)` | ④ | +| `KeyCode` 枚举 | ④ | +| `Debug.Log()` 调试输出 | ④ | + +#### 三、物理与移动 + +| 知识点 | 首次出现 | +|---|---| +| `Rigidbody2D` 组件 | ② | +| `rb.linearVelocity` 物理移动 | ② | +| `Vector2` 构造函数 | ② | +| 物理移动 vs Transform 移动 | ② | +| `rb.linearVelocity.y` 保持垂直速度 | ② | +| `Physics2D.Raycast()` 射线检测 | ⑨ | +| `LayerMask` 层级过滤 | ⑨ | +| `Vector2.down` 等快捷向量 | ⑨ | +| `transform.Rotate()` 旋转 | ⑦ | + +#### 四、代码架构 + +| 知识点 | 首次出现 | +|---|---| +| `private` 字段封装 | ③ | +| `GetComponent()` 获取组件 | ③ | +| `GetComponentInChildren()` | ⑥ | +| `GetComponentInParent()` | ⑪ | +| Update 拆分多方法 | ⑥ | +| `canMove`/`canJump` 控制标志 | ⑪ | +| 职责分离（移动逻辑归位） | ⑫ | +| 表达式体方法 `=>` | ⑪ | + +#### 五、动画系统 + +| 知识点 | 首次出现 | +|---|---| +| `Animator` 组件 | ⑥ | +| `anim.SetBool()` | ⑥ | +| `anim.SetFloat()` | ⑩ | +| `anim.SetTrigger()` | ⑪ | +| Animator 参数四类型 | ⑥ | +| Blend Tree 1D 混合树 | ⑩ | +| 动画状态切换 Transition | ⑩ | +| Animation Events 动画事件 | ⑪ | + +#### 六、战斗系统 + +| 知识点 | 首次出现 | +|---|---| +| `Physics2D.OverlapCircleAll()` | ⑭ | +| `Transform` 作位置标记 | ⑭ | +| 攻击流程全链路 | ⑭ | +| `SpriteRenderer` 组件 | ⑭ | +| `sr.color` 颜色修改 | ⑭ | +| `foreach` 遍历 | ⑭ | +| 攻击防重入（`canMove` 天然锁） | ⑬ | + +#### 七、计时器 + +| 知识点 | 首次出现 | +|---|---| +| `Invoke()` 延迟调用 | ⑭ | +| `Time.deltaTime` 倒计时 | ⑮ | +| `Time.time` 时间戳对比 | ⑮ | +| `nameof()` 编译安全 | ⑭ | +| 三种计时器对比 & 选型 | ⑮ | + +#### 八、调试与可视化 + +| 知识点 | 首次出现 | +|---|---| +| `Debug.Log()` | ④ | +| `OnDrawGizmos()` | ⑨ | +| `Gizmos.DrawLine()` | ⑨ | +| `Gizmos.DrawWireSphere()` | ⑭ | +| `[ContextMenu]` | ⑦ | + +--- + +### 🏗️ 最终架构 + +``` + ┌──────────────────────┐ + │ Player.cs │ + │ ────────────────── │ + │ [Movement] 移动/跳跃 │ + │ [Collision] 地面检测 │ + │ [Attack] 攻击判定 │ + │ │ + │ Update() │ + │ ├─ HandleCollision │ + │ ├─ HandleInput │ + │ ├─ HandleMovement │ + │ ├─ HandleAnimations │ + │ └─ HandleFlip │ + └──────┬───────────────┘ + │ Animation Events + ┌──────▼───────────────┐ + │ PlayAnimationEvents │ + │ ├─ DamageEnemies() │ + │ ├─ DisableMove() │ + │ └─ EnableMove() │ + └──────┬───────────────┘ + │ OverlapCircleAll + ┌──────▼───────────────┐ + │ Enemy.cs │ + │ └─ TakeDamage() │ + │ └─ 变红 → 计时恢复│ + └──────────────────────┘ +``` + +--- + +### 📊 数据统计 + +- **更新次数：** 15 次 +- **C# 脚本：** 3 个 +- **掌握 API：** 40+ 个 +- **学习天数：** 5 天（5/23 ~ 5/27） +- **从零实现：** 移动 → 跳跃 → 翻转 → 动画 → 攻击 → 敌人 → 计时 + +🚀 第一阶段完成，准备进入第二阶段！